How this conversion works
512 is 2 to the 9th — binary 1000000000, a 1 with nine zeros. Disk sectors were 512 bytes for decades, which is why the number feels so familiar to system programmers.
Each base just uses a different set of digits for the same quantity. Reading
512 as a decimal number gives the decimal value
512; expressing that same value in base two, eight or sixteen
produces the rows above. To convert any number between bases — including custom bases from 2
to 36 — use the number base converter.